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The 64 hexagrams
I Ching hexagram 35

Progress

In Chinese
晉 jìn
Above
The Clinging, fire
Below
The Receptive, earth

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What hexagram 35 means

Hexagram 35 is fire over earth, the sun come up above the ground. The commentary on the judgment gives the meaning of its name in three words, “Žin denotes advancing”.

The judgment shows a prince honored for what he has done. In Legge he is “presented on that account with numerous horses (by the king), and three times in a day received at interviews”.

Legge compares this advance to the sun. It is like “the shining light, shining more and more to the perfect day”.

He also notes that two other hexagrams have names of the same kind. In his words “Hexagrams 46 and 53 agree with this in being called by names that indicate progress and advance”.

The judgment and the image

The judgment

晉康侯用錫馬蕃庶,晝日三接。

PROGRESS. The powerful prince Is honored with horses in large numbers. In a single day he is granted audience three times.

no verdict

The image

明出地上,《晉》。君子以自昭明德。

The sun rises over the earth: The image of PROGRESS. Thus the superior man himself Brightens his bright virtue.

What the commentaries say

The commentary on the judgment finds the prince in the figure itself. It names three things, “the bright (sun) appearing above the earth”, then “docile submission cleaving to that of the Great brightness”, and last “the weak line advanced and moving above”.

Legge says who the prince is. The hexagram “is about a feudal prince whose services to the country have made him acceptable to his king”.

He also finds the judgment unusually clear. In his note it “expresses its subject more fully and plainly than that of any of the previous thirty-four”.

The image is the sun coming out over the earth. From it the commentary draws a rule for a person, who “gives himself to make more brilliant his bright virtue”.

Wilhelm gives the same rule. In his wording the superior man “himself Brightens his bright virtue”.

Legge reads the six lines as a portrait drawn in faint strokes. He writes that “The symbolism of the lines dimly indicates the qualities of such a prince”.

The six lines

First line

晉如摧如,貞吉。罔孚,裕无咎。

Progressing, but turned back. Perseverance brings good fortune. If one meets with no confidence, one should remain calm. No mistake.

good fortune it goes wellno blame there is no mistake in it

The advance starts and is held back at once. Legge reads here “the small and obstructed beginnings of his subject”, and adds that “the king does not yet believe in him”.

The answer of the text to missing trust is a generous mind, and Wilhelm has “one should remain calm”. The commentary gives the reason there is no error in this, since “he has not yet received an official charge”.

The commentary also says how the held back person goes on, “all-alone he pursues the correct course”. Legge reads it the same way, and writes that “by his firm correctness he pursues the way to good fortune”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 21, Biting Through

Second line

晉如,愁如,貞吉。受茲介福于其王母。

Progressing, but in sorrow. Perseverance brings good fortune. Then one obtains great happiness from one’s ancestress.

good fortune it goes well

The advance goes on, but in sorrow. Legge explains that the subject “has still to mourn in obscurity”, and yet “he holds on his way”. The commentary credits the blessing to the place of the line, “the central place and the correct position for him”.

The blessing comes from a figure Legge translates as the grandmother and Wilhelm as “one’s ancestress”. Legge admits the phrase startled him. He takes it to point to the fifth line, and he quotes a paraphrase of the line, “He receives at last this great blessing from the mild and compliant ruler”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 64, Before Completion

Third line

眾允,悔亡。

All are in accord. Remorse disappears.

remorse disappears regret fades away

Here the person is “trusted by all (around him)”. The commentary says why, “their (common) aim is to move upwards and act”. Legge adds that the two lines below share “the same desire to advance”, and he calls the result a “not unfavourable auspice”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 56, The Wanderer

Fourth line

晉如鼫鼠,貞厲。

Progress like a hamster. Perseverance brings danger.

danger there is danger

This is the first whole line counting from below, and the text turns against it. The advance is “like a marmot”, and Legge pictures the animal “stealthily advancing”. Wilhelm names another animal, “Progress like a hamster”.

Firmness does not help here, because the position is “one of peril”. The commentary puts it in terms of place, “his place is not that appropriate for him”. Legge is blunt, “Nothing could be more opposed to the ideal of the feudal lord in the hexagram”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 23, Splitting Apart

Fifth line

悔亡,失得勿恤。往吉,无不利。

Remorse disappears. Take not gain and loss to heart. Undertakings bring good fortune. Everything serves to further.

remorse disappears regret fades awaygood fortune it goes wellnothing that does not further everything is favorable

Legge writes that in this line “that lord and his intelligent sovereign meet happily”. The text asks the person not to weigh failure against success, and Wilhelm has “Take not gain and loss to heart”.

Legge describes him as one who “holds on his right course, indifferent as to results”. The line closes with open approval, “To advance will be fortunate, and in every way advantageous”.

The commentary agrees and says that “his movement in advance will afford ground for congratulation”. In Legge's note “things are so ordered that he is, and will continue to be, crowned with success”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 12, Standstill

Sixth line

晉其角,維用伐邑,厲吉,无咎,貞吝。

Making progress with the horns is permissible Only for the purpose of punishing one’s own city. To be conscious of danger brings good fortune. No blame. Perseverance brings humiliation.

danger there is dangergood fortune it goes wellno blame there is no mistake in ithumiliation it leads to embarrassment

The top line carries the advance to its end, and with force. Legge calls the horns “an emblem of threatening strength”, used only inside the person's own state. The commentary is cool about it, “his course of procedure is not yet brilliant”.

The verdict is mixed. The text speaks of peril, of good fortune and of regret in one breath. Legge explains the regret, “that such a prince should have any occasion to use force is matter for regret”.

When only this line changes, it becomes hexagram 16, Enthusiasm

Hexagram 35 unchanging

If none of your six lines is moving, you read the hexagram as a whole. That is the judgment and the image above, without any of the line texts.

The book gives the reason. Lines that do not move are “non-moving lines, which serve only as structural matter in the hexagram, without intrinsic meaning of their own”.

For hexagram 35 unchanging, what remains is the prince of the judgment, honored with horses and received three times in a day, and the image of the risen sun, which asks a person to brighten their own virtue.

Questions people ask

What does hexagram 35 mean?

It stands for advancing, like the sun rising over the earth. The judgment shows a prince “presented on that account with numerous horses (by the king), and three times in a day received at interviews”.

What does hexagram 35 unchanging mean?

With no moving lines you read only the judgment and the image. For hexagram 35 that is the prince honored by his king, and the call to make “more brilliant his bright virtue”.

What does hexagram 35 changing to 12 mean?

It is hexagram 35 with its fifth line moving. That line tells the person not to be concerned with failing or succeeding, and it says “To advance will be fortunate, and in every way advantageous”. When it changes the hexagram becomes number 12.

What does hexagram 35 changing to 23 mean?

It is hexagram 35 with its fourth line moving. That line shows an advance “like a marmot”, in a position the text calls “one of peril”, and when it changes the hexagram becomes number 23.

Who is the grandmother in hexagram 35?

She appears in the second line as the giver of a great blessing. Legge notes that the text says literally “the king's mother”, and that the commentators he cites take the name to point to the fifth line. He ends in doubt about his own wording, “I am not sure that 'motherly king' would not be the best and fairest translation of the phrase”.

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Richard Wilhelm, translated by Cary F. Baynes. Žin in James Legge. Progress in Wilhelm and Baynes.

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